Antifederalist No. 7 Adoption of The Constitution Will Lead to Civil War |
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The time in which the constitution or government of a nation undergoes any particular
change, is always interesting and critical. Enemies are vigilant, allies are in suspense,
friends hesitating between hope and fear; and all men are in eager expectation to see what
such a change may produce. But the state of our affairs at present, is of such moment, as
even to arouse the dead ...
[A certain defender of the Constitution has stated that objections to it] are more
calculated to alarm the fears of the people than to answer any valuable end. Was that the
case, as it is not, will any man in his sober senses say, that the least infringement or
appearance of infringement on our liberty -- that liberty which has lately cost so much
blood and treasure, together with anxious days and sleepless nights -- ought not both to
rouse our fears and awaken our jealousy? ... The new constitution in its present form is
calculated to produce despotism, thraldom and confusion, and if the United States do
swallow it, they will find it a bolus, that will create convulsions to their utmost
extremities. Were they mine enemies, the worst imprecation I could devise would be, may
they adopt it. For tyranny, where it has been chained (as for a few years past) is always
more cursed, and sticks its teeth in deeper than before. Were Col. [George] Mason's
objections obviated, the improvement would be very considerable, though even then, not so
complete as might be. The Congress's having power without control -- to borrow money on
the credit of the United States; their having power to appoint their own salaries, and
their being paid out of the treasury of the United States, thereby, in some measure,
rendering them independent of the individual states; their being judges of the
qualification and election of their own members, by which means they can get men to suit
any purpose; together with Col. Mason's wise and judicious objections -- are grievances,
the very idea of which is enough to make every honest citizen exclaim in the language of
Cato, 0 Liberty, 0 my country! Our present constitution, with a few additional powers to
Congress, seems better calculated to preserve the rights and defend the liberties of our
citizens, than the one proposed, without proper amendments. Let us therefore, for once,
show our judgment and solidity by continuing it, and prove the opinion to be erroneous,
that levity and fickleness are not only the foibles of our tempers, but the reigning
principles in these states. There are men amongst us, of such dissatisfied tempers, that
place them in Heaven, they would find something to blame; and so restless and
self-sufficient, that they must be eternally reforming the state. But the misfortune is,
they always leave affairs worse than they find them. A change of government is at all
times dangerous, but at present may be fatal, without the utmost caution, just after
emerging out of a tedious and expensive war. Feeble in our nature, and complicated in our
form, we are little able to bear the rough Posting of civil dissensions which are likely
to ensue. Even now, discontent and opposition distract our councils. Division and
despondency affect our people. Is it then a time to alter our government, that government
which even now totters on its foundation, and will, without tender care, produce ruin by
its fall?
Beware my countrymen! Our enemies -- uncontrolled as they are in their ambitious schemes,
fretted with losses, and perplexed with disappointments -- will exert their whole power
and policy to increase and continue our confusion. And while we are destroying one
another, they will be repairing their losses, and ruining our trade.
Of all the plagues that infest a nation, a civil war is the worst. Famine is severe,
pestilence is dreadful; but in these, though men die, they die in peace. The father
expires without the guilt of the son; and the son, if he survives, enjoys the inheritance
of his father. Cities may be thinned, but they neither plundered nor burnt. But when a
civil war is kindled, there is then forth no security of property nor protection from any
law. Life and fortune become precarious. And all that is dear to men is at the discretion
of profligate soldiery, doubly licentious on such an occasion. Cities are exhausted by
heavy contributions, or sacked because they cannot answer exorbitant demand. Countries are
eaten up by the parties they favor, and ravaged by the one they oppose. Fathers and sons,
sheath their swords in another's bowels in the field, and their wives and daughters are
exposed to rudeness and lust of ruffians at home. And hen the sword has decided quarrel,
the scene is closed with banishments, forfeitures, and barbarous executions that entail
distress on children then unborn. May Heaven avert the dreadful catastrophe! In the most
limited governments, what wranglings, animosities, factions, partiality, and all other
evils that tend to embroil a nation and weaken a state, are constantly practiced by
legislators. What then may we expect if the new constitution be adopted as it now stands?
The great will struggle for power, honor and wealth; the poor become a prey to avarice,
insolence and oppression. And while some are studying to supplant their neighbors, and
others striving to keep their stations, one villain will wink at the oppression of
another, the people be fleeced, and the public business neglected. From despotism and
tyranny good Lord deliver us.
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